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Microbes as Biofertilizers - Practice Questions & MCQ
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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Microbes as Biofertilizers is considered one of the most asked concept.
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Microbes as Biofertilizers
- Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil.
- The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria.
- Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as nutrient.
- Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter), thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
- Fungi are also known to form symbiotic associations with plants (mycorrhiza).
- Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza.
- The fungal symbiont in these associations absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.
- Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.
- Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc.
- In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser.
- Blue green algae also add organic matter to the soil and increase its fertility.
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