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Molar Conductivity MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 25, 2023 25:23 PM | #NEET

Quick Facts

  • Molar and Equivalent Conductance is considered one the most difficult concept.

  • Molar Conductance at Infinite Dilution is considered one of the most asked concept.

  • 45 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

Limiting molar conductivity of \left ( \text{i.e.}\ \mathrm{{\Lambda^{o}}_{\text{m}}}(\text{NH}_{4}\text{OH}) \right ) is equal to:

An increase in equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte with dilution is mainly due to:

The equivalent conductances of two strong electrolytes at infinite dilution in \mathrm{H_{2}O} (where ions move freely through a solution ) at 25°C are given below:

\mathrm{ \Lambda ^{\circ}{_{CH_{3}COONa}}= 91.0 ~S cm^{2}/equiv.}

\mathrm{\Lambda ^{\circ}{_{HCl}}=426.2 S cm^{2}/equiv.}

What additional information/quantity one needs to calculate \Lambda ^{\circ} of an aqueous solution of acetic acid?

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Concepts Covered - 3

Molar and Equivalent Conductance

Molar Conductance
The molar conductance is defined as the conductance of all the ions produced by the ionisation of 1 mole of an electrolyte when present in V ml of solution. It is denoted by Λm.
\text { Molar conductance }\left(\wedge_{\mathrm{m}}\right)=\kappa \times \mathrm{V}
where V is the volume in ml containing 1 gm mole of the electrolyte.
If c is the concentration of the solution in mole per litre, then:

\wedge_{\mathrm{m}}=\kappa \times \frac{1000}{\mathrm{c}}
where c is the concentration of the solution in M. The units of  \Lambda _m are ohm-1 cm2 mol-1 or S cm2 mol-1  When the units of \kappa is S cm^{-1}.

It is to be noted that changing the units of the quantities involved will lead to a  change in the formula. For the sake of homogeneity, \Lambda _m =\frac{\kappa}{C} when all the quantities are expressed in their SI unit.

Also, if AxBy is an electrolyte dissociating as:
\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{B}_{\mathrm{y}} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{x} \mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{y}+}+\mathrm{yB}^{\mathrm{x}-}
\mathrm{Thus,\: }\wedge_{\mathrm{m}} \mathrm{A}_{x} \mathrm{B}_{\mathrm{y}}=x \cdot \wedge_{\mathrm{m}} {\left(\mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{y}+}\right)}+\mathrm{y} \cdot \wedge_{\mathrm{m}} {\left(\mathrm{B}^{x-}\right)}

Equivalent Conductance
One of the factors on which the conductance of an electrolytic solution depends is the concentration of the solution. In order to obtain comparable results for different electrolytes, it is necessary to take equivalent conductance.
It is defined as the conductance of all the ions produced by one gram equivalent of an electrolyte in a given solution. It is denoted by Λeq.
\wedge_{\mathrm{eq}}=\frac{1000 \times \kappa}{\mathrm{N}}
If ‘V’ is the volume in ml containing 1 gm equivalent of the electrolyte, the above equation can be written as:
\wedge_{\mathrm{eq}}=\kappa \times \mathrm{V}
Its units are ohm-1 cmequiv-1 or S cm2 equiv-1. A similar constraint of units exists in the formula as that in molar conductance.
Equivalent conductance is also given as follows:
\\\mathrm{Equivalent\: conductance}\: =\: \frac{\text { Molar conductance }}{x}\: ,\: \\\text { where } x=\frac{\text { Molecular mass }}{\text { Equivalent mass }}\: =\:\mathrm{n-factor}

Effect of Dilution on Conductance, Λm, Λeq and Conductivity

Effect on conductance

  • Conductance of a solution increases with increase in the number of solute molecules/ions and decreases with decrease in the number of solute molecules/ions.
  • Conductance of a solution increases with dilution as the interactions between the molecules/ions decreases due to increase in the average distance between the molecules/ions.

Effect on degree of dissociation

  • Strong electrolytes: There is almost no change in the degree of dissociation (as it is already close to unity).
  • Weak electrolytes: With dilution, degree of dissociation increases rapidly and thus, the number of molecules increases.

Effect on Molar and Equivalent conductance
Both Λm and Λeq increases with dilution as conductance increases with dilution.
For strong electrolytes, the increase in Λm and Λeq is relatively small as increase in the number of molecules/ions is very small.
For weak electrolytes, the increase in Λm and Λeq is large and rapid as ? increases with dilution.

Effect on Conductivity
On dilution, number of molecules/ions per ml of the solution decreases. Since conductivity is defined as the conductance of one ml of the solution, conductivity decreases with dilution (due to a decrease in the conductance).

Molar Conductance at Infinite Dilution

When addition of water doesn’t bring about any further change in the conductance of a solution, this situation is referred to as Infinte Dilution.

  • Strong Electrolytes: When infinite dilution is approached, the conductance of a solution of strong electrolyte approaches a limiting value and can be obtained by extrapolating the curve between Λand c1/2 as shown in the figure given below:



    The molar conductivity of strong electrolytes is found to vary with concentration as:
    \wedge_{\mathrm{m}}=\lambda_{\mathrm{m}}^{0}-\mathrm{b} \sqrt{\mathrm{c}}
    where b is a constant depending upon the type of electrolyte, the nature of the solvent and the temperature. This equation is known as Debye Huckel-Onsages equation and is found to hold good at low concentrations.

  • Weak Electrolytes: When infinite dilution is approached, the conductance of a solution of weak electrolyte increases very rapidly and thus, cannot be obtained through extrapolation. Also, the variation between Λm and c1/2 is not linear at low concentrations.

Study it with Videos

Molar and Equivalent Conductance
Effect of Dilution on Conductance, Λm, Λeq and Conductivity
Molar Conductance at Infinite Dilution

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