NEET Syllabus 2025 PDF (Released) by NTA- Download Updated NEET UG Syllabus

The NEET 2025 exam syllabus is prepared by the National Medical Commission (NMC) on behalf of the National Testing Agency (NTA). The NMC and NTA both have uploaded the NEET 2025 syllabus on their respective official websites. The NEET syllabus 2025 pdf can be downloaded from nmc.org.in and neet.nta.nic.in. The syllabus of NEET 2025 by NTA includes topics from Biology, Physics, and Chemistry in classes 11 and 12. The direct links for the NEET syllabus 2025 pdf free download are provided in this article below.

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1. NEET syllabus 2025 NTA official website
2. NEET 2025 syllabus pdf by NTA
3. NEET UG 2025 syllabus
4. NEET Physics syllabus 2025
5. NEET Chemistry syllabus 2025
6. NEET Biology syllabus 2025
7. Changes and Updates in Syllabus of NEET 2025
8. Total chapters in NEET 2025
9. NEET UG 2025 syllabus: Best books to prepare
10. Preparation Tips Based on NEET 2025 Syllabus

The NEET syllabus 2025 provides students with a clear approach to their preparation for the NEET exam. Based on the NEET exam pattern 2025 and the syllabus for NEET 2025, aspirants can prepare accordingly. Read the full article to know the detailed syllabus for NEET 2025, including the NEET Biology syllabus 2025, NEET Chemistry syllabus 2025, and Physics NEET syllabus 2025.

NEET syllabus 2025 NTA official website

The NEET exam syllabus 2025 is prepared by the NMC on behalf of NTA. The NEET syllabus 2025 official website is nmc.org.in. The NEET information bulletin 2025 has been released online, which also mentions the syllabus of NEET 2025.

NEET 2025 syllabus pdf by NTA

The NEET 2025 syllabus pdf download has been released by the NTA on its official website, neet.nta.nic.in. A direct link to download the NEET syllabus 2025 pdf is provided here.

NEET syllabus 2025 pdf free download

NEET UG 2025 syllabus

The NEET updated syllabus 2025 covers topics from Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Below mentioned is the subject-wise NTA NEET syllabus 2025 along with the best books to prepare for the medical entrance examination.

NEET Physics syllabus 2025

Understanding the NEET 2025 physics syllabus is crucial for candidates as it holds the key to scoring the essential 180 marks. The NEET physics syllabus 2025 comprises topics from classes 11 and 12 with the addition of experimental skills. Check the physics NEET syllabus 2025 below.

Physics NEET syllabus 2025 - Class 11

Unit 1 - Physics and measurement

• Units of measurements
• System of Units
• S I Units
• Fundamental and derived units
• least counts
• Significant figures
• Errors in measurements
• Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Unit 2 - Kinematics

• The frame of reference
• motion in a straight line
• Position- time graph, speed and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion
• Average speed and instantaneous velocity
• Uniformly accelerated motion
• Velocity-time
• Position-time graph
• Relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and Vectors
• Vector. Addition and subtraction
• Scalar and vector products
• Unit Vector
• Resolution of a Vector
• Relative Velocity
• Motion in a plane
• Projectile Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion.

Unit 3 - Laws of Motion

• Force and inertia
• Newton’s First law of motion
• Momentum
• Newton’s Second Law of motion
• Impulses
• Newton’s Third Law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications
• Equilibrium of concurrent force
• Static and Kinetic friction
• Laws of friction
• Rolling friction.
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion
• Centripetal force and its applications
• Vehicle on a level circular road
• Vehicle on a banked road.

Unit 4 - Work, Energy, and Power

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force
• kinetic and potential energies
• work-energy theorem
• Power
• The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy
• Conservative and nonconservative forces
• Motion in a vertical circle
• Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit 5 - Rotational Motion

• Centre of the mass of a two-particle system
• Centre of the mass of a rigid body
• Basic concepts of rotational motion
• Moment of a force
• Torque
• Angular momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum and its application
• The moment of inertia
• The radius of gyration
• values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects
• parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications.
• Equilibrium of rigid bodies
• Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion
• Comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Unit 6 - Gravitation

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
• Kepler’s law of planetary motion.
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential.
• Escape velocity,
• Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.

Unit 7 - Properties of Solids and Liquids

• Elastic behaviour
• Stress-strain relationship
• Hooke's Law.
• Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity.
• Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications.
• Effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
• Viscosity.
• Stokes' law.
• Terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.
• Critical velocity.
• Bernoulli's principle and its applications.
• Surface energy and surface tension
• Angle of contact
• Excess of pressure across a curved surface
• Application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise.
• Heat, temperature, thermal expansion
• Specific heat capacity
• Calorimetry
• Change of state, latent heat.
• Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation.

Unit 8 - Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• The concept of temperature.
• Heat, work, and internal energy.
• The first law of thermodynamics
• Isothermal and adiabatic processes.
• The second law of thermodynamics
• Reversible and irreversible processes.

Unit 9 - Kinetic Theory of Gases

• Equation of state of a perfect gas
• Work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure.
• Kinetic interpretation of temperature
• RMS speed of gas molecules
• Degrees of freedom.
• Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases
• Mean free path.
• Avogadro's number

Unit 10 - Oscillations and Waves

• Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time.
• Periodic functions.
• Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation
• Phase
• Oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant
• Energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves
• Speed of travelling wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave.
• Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves.
• Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics.
• Beats

Class 12 Physics syllabus for NEET 2025

Unit 11 - Electrostatics

• Electric charges
• Conservation of charge
• Coulomb's law forces between two point charges
• Forces between multiple charges
• Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines.
• Electric dipole
• Electric field due to a dipole.
• Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux.
• Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges
• Potential difference
• Equipotential surfaces
• Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and electric dipole in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators.
• Dielectrics and electric polarization
• Capacitors and capacitances
• The combination of capacitors in series and parallel
• Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates.
• Energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit 12 - Current Electricity

• Electric current
• Drift velocity
• Mobility and their relation with electric current
• Ohm's law.
• Electrical resistance.
• V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors.
• Electrical energy and power.
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity.
• Series and parallel combinations of resistor
• Temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell
• A combination of cells in series and parallel.
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications.
• Wheatstone bridge.
• Metre Bridge.

Unit 13 - Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

• Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid.
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field.
• The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere.
• Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field
• Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
• Magnetic field lines
• Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis.
• Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field.
• Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples
• Effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit 14 - Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

• Electromagnetic induction
• Faraday's law
• Induced emf and current
• Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents.
• Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents
• Peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage
• Reactance and impedance
• LCR series circuit
• Resonance
• Power in AC circuits
• Wattless current
• AC generator and transformer

Unit 15 - Electromagnetic Waves

• Displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays)
• Applications of e.m. waves.

Unit 16 - Optics

• Reflection of light
• Spherical mirrors
• Mirror formula
• Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces
• Thin lens formula and lens maker formula.
• Total internal reflection and its applications.
• Magnification
• Power of a Lens.
• Combination of thin lenses in contact.
• Refraction of light through a prism.
• Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.
• Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle.
• Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle.
• Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Polarization, plane-polarized light
• Brewster's law
• Uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.

Unit 17 - Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Dual nature of radiation.
• Photoelectric effect.
• Hertz and Lenard's observations
• Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light.
• Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.

Unit 18 - Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment
• Rutherford's model of atom
• Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
• Composition and size of nucleus
• Atomic masses
• Mass-energy relation
• Mass defect
• Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number
• Nuclear fission, and fusion

Unit 19 - Electronic Devices

• Semiconductors
• Semiconductor diode
• I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias
• Ddiode as a rectifier
• I-V characteristics of LED
• The photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).

Unit 20 - Experimental Skills

• Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
• Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
• Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time
• Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
• Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
• Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
• Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical bod
• Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
• Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
• The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
• The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
• Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
• The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax metho
• The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism
• Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
• Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
• Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
• Identification of Diode. LED, Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

NEET Chemistry syllabus 2025

The chemistry NEET syllabus 2025 comprises questions from Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. A total of 45 questions are asked in the examination making the section 180 marks. Therefore, it is imperative to know about the NEET chemistry syllabus 2025 along with the best books for Chemistry preparation. The complete NEET 2025 chemistry syllabus is provided below. Candidates are advised that after completing the syllabus, they should regularly practise with the help of question paper of NEET chemistry and ace their preparation.

Class 11 NEET syllabus 2025 - Chemistry

Unit 1 - Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

• Matter and its nature
• Dalton's atomic theory
• Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound
• Laws of Chemical Combination
• Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae
• Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

Unit 2 - Atomic structure

• Nature of electromagnetic radiation
• Photoelectric effect
• Spectrum of the hydrogen atom.
• Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model
• Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship.
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
• Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, and its important features.
• Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions
• Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance
• Shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals
• Electron spin and spin quantum number
• Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle.
• Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule
• Electronic configuration of elements
• Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
• Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
• Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity.
• Fajan’s rule, dipole moment
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules.
• Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding
• Valence bond theory - its important feature
• The concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals
• Resonance.
• Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features.
• LCAOs
• Types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding)
• Sigma and pi-bonds
• Molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules
• The concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy.
• Elementary idea of metallic bonding.
• Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

Unit 4 - Chemical Thermodynamics

• Fundamentals of thermodynamics
• System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.
• The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity
• Hess’s law of constant heat summation
• Enthalpies of bond, dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution.
• The second law of thermodynamics - spontaneity of processes
• S of the universe and G of the system as criteria for spontaneity.
• Standard Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.

Unit 5 - Equilibrium

• Meaning of equilibrium
• The concept of dynamic equilibrium.
• Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibrium
• Henry's law.
• General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes.
• Equilibrium involving chemical processes
• Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance,
• Factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature
• The effect of catalyst
• Le Chatelier’s principle.
• Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes
• Various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization
• Acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants
• Ionization of water.
• pH scale
• Common ion effect,
• Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions
• The solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.

Unit 6 - Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

• Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction
• Redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reaction
• Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration
• Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.
• Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells
• Different types of electrodes
• Electrode potentials including standard electrode potential,
• half - cell and cell reactions
• EMF of a Galvanic cell and its measurement
• Nernst equation and its applications
• Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change
• Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.

Unit 7 - Classification of elements and periodicity in properties

• Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table
• s, p. d and f block elements
• periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii
• ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity

Unit 8 - Purification and characterisation of organic compounds

• Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction
• Chromatography - principles and their applications.
• Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus.
• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae
• Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Unit 9 - Basic principles of Organic chemistry

• Tetravalency of carbon
• Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p)
• Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur
• Homologous series
• Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
• Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
• Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic
• Free radicals, carbocations, and carbanion
• Stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.
• Common types of organic reactions - substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.

Unit 10 - Hydrocarbons

• Classification, isomerism,
• IUPAC nomenclature
• General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions.
• Alkanes - Conformations
• Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane)
• Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
• Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism
• Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect)
• Ozonolysis and polymerization.
• Alkynes - Acidic character
• Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halide
• Polymerization.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity
• Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
• Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation
• Directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene.

NEET 2025 chemistry syllabus - Class 12

Unit 11 - Solutions

• Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass)
• The vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solution
• Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties
• Abnormal value of molar mass, van Hoff factor and its significance.

Unit 12 - Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions
• Concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst
• Elementary and complex reactions
• Order and molecularity of reactions
• Rate law, rate constant and its units
• Differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
• Arrhenius's theory, activation energy and its calculation
• Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

Unit 13 - p-Block Elements

• Group -13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction
• Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups
• Unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

Unit 14 - d- and f-Block Elements

• Transition Elements General introduction
• Electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics
• General trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4.
• Inner Transition Elements
• Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction.
• Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

Unit 15 - Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds.
• Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity. chelation
• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism
• Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties
• Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).

Unit 16 - Organic compounds containing Oxygen

• Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
• Mechanism of dehydration.
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and sulphonation.
• Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
• Ethers: Structure
• Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group
• Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones
• Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH3, and its derivatives)
• Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen)
• The acidity of hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction
• Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it

Unit 17 - Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

• General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses.
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character.
• Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit 18 - Organic Compounds Containing Halogen

• General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Nature of C-X bond
• Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses
• Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT

Unit 19 - Biomolecules

• General introduction and importance of biomolecules
• CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose).
• PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides. Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
• VITAMINS – Classification and functions.
• NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (General introduction)

Unit 20 - Principles related to practical chemistry

• Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds
• Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.
• The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform
• The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+ , Zn2+ , Ni2+ , Ca2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH+ Anions- CO2−, S 2- ,SO2−, NO3- , NO2- , Cl- , Br- , I - ( Insoluble salts excluded)

Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:

1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

NEET Biology syllabus 2025

The NEET 2025 biology syllabus comprises Botany and Zoology, with a total of 45 questions from each section. Considering the entire NEET Biology syllabus 2025, there are a total of 90 questions with 360 marks at stake. The topics in the NEET syllabus 2025 biology are provided below.

NEET 2025 Biology syllabus - Class 11

Unit 1 - Diversity in the Living World

• What is living?; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature
• Five kingdom classifications; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Virioids.
• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category)
• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

Unit 2 - Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus) Family (malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae)
• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog). (Brief account only)

Unit 3 - Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
• Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of enzymes
• B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

Unit 4 - Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non-cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

Unit 5 - Human Physiology

• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorder
• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney
• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).

NEET syllabus 2025 Biology - Class 12

Unit 6 - Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit 7 - Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from MendelismIncomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.
• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolutionVariation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

Unit 8 - Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers

Unit 9 - Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).
• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents

Unit 10 - Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environmentPopulation interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves

Changes and Updates in Syllabus of NEET 2025

There are no changes and updates in the NEET syllabus 2025. The syllabus of NEET UG 2025 is similar to the last year's syllabus. Several topics were removed and several other topics were added last year to the NEET UG syllabus. The same changes exists in the NEET 2025 syllabus too and can be checked below.

Removed Topic from NEET 2025 exam syllabus

NTA updated the syllabus for NEET 2025. Several topics have been removed from Physics, Chemistry, and Biology in the NEET syllabus 2025. At the same time, several new topics have been added to the NEET UG 2025 exam syllabus. Candidates should keep a note of the 2025 NEET syllabus and must be aware of the deleted syllabus of NEET 2025 and should prepare accordingly.

Added Topic in NEET 2025 syllabus

With the removal of certain topics from the NEET 2025 exam syllabus, a few new topics have been added to the revised syllabus of NEET 2025. The subject-wise added topics in the NEET syllabus 2025 are provided below.

2025 NEET syllabus: Added topics of Physics

• Unit VI- Gravitation
• Unit VII- Mechanical Properties Of Solids and Mechanical Properties Of Fluids
• Unit IX- Kinetic Theory of Gases
• Unit XIII- Magnetic effects of current and magnetism
• Unit XVII- Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
• Unit XX - Experimental Skills

Syllabus for NEET 2025: Chemistry added topics

• Unit II- Atomic Structure
• Unit III- Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure
• Unit IV- Chemical Thermodynamics
• Unit VII- Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
• Unit VIII- Chemical Kinetics
• Unit XI- D And F Block Elements
• Unit XIII- Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds
• Unit XV- Hydrocarbons
• Unit XVI- Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
• Unit XX- Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Syllabus for NEET 2025: Added topics of Biology

• Unit II- Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
• Unit III- Cell Structure and Function
• Unit VII- Genetics and Evolution
• Unit VIII- Biology and Human Welfare

Total chapters in NEET 2025

There are 79 chapters in the NEET exam syllabus, which covers three subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. As the NEET 2025 exam date is approaching, it is crucial to study the entire syllabus ahead of time and dedicate some time to revision.

NEET UG 2025 syllabus: Best books to prepare

The NEET UG syllabus 2025 is vast and requires strategic preparation to excel in the exam. NCERT books are undoubtedly the best books to prepare for NEET 2025, but apart from NCERT, candidates must refer to other sources to take their preparation to next level. Some of the best books to cover the NEET 2025 syllabus are mentioned below.

NTA syllabus for NEET 2025: Physics books

NTA NEET 2025 syllabus: Chemistry best books

NEET exam syllabus 2025: Best Books for Biology

Preparation Tips Based on NEET 2025 Syllabus

Candidates appearing for NEET have to solve all chapters and topics and revise them accordingly to score well. We have mentioned below several tips for aspirants to cover syllabus effectively.

• It is crucial for candidates to create a study schedule and make notes of important ones to complete the NEET syllabus on time.
• The next step is allotting time to subjects and topics as per their marks weightage.
• Regular practice of NEET question papers is essential. Students must be aware of the NEET exam pattern, format and others before appearing for the actual exam. They can also take mock tests to check their performance.
• Candidates need to focus on weak areas and offer them more time to improve and strengthen those topics and chapters.
• Aspirants must use best books to prepare for NEET. The quality books recommended by experts and online lectures available should be used to cover NEET syllabus.