Amrita Entrance Examination – Life Sciences, Agriculture & Medical Sciences - AEEL

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Density, mole concept, empirical and molecular formula, stoichiometry, volumetry, equivalent and molecular masses, percentage composition

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Atomic models, subatomic particles, orbital shapes, Pauli’s exclusion, Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, De-broglie relation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty, electronic configuration and periodic properties

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Ionic bonding, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle, covalent bond, Fajan’s Rule, VSEPR theory, hybridization, valence bond and molecular orbital theory, coordinate, metallic and hydrogen bonding

Chemistry: Unit 04

• d-block elements configuration and properties-transition elements, chromium, copper, zinc, silver, interstitial compounds and alloys, f-block elements and extraction, lanthanides and actinides

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Solids-amorphous and crystalline, classification of crystalline-unit cell, Miller indices-packing efficiency, unit cell dimensions, crystal structure, ionic crystals, imperfections in solids, electric and magnetic properties

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Terminology in coordination-isomerism, Werner, VBT, CFT theories-biocoordination compounds

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Gaseous state and gas laws, deviation-Van Der Waals constants, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction of gases, theory of catalysis, colloids and emulsions

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, abnormality-dissociation and association

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Faraday’s laws-specific, equivalent and molar conductances, Kohlrausch’s law and applications, electrode potentials, EMF, electrochemical and, galvanic cells, Nernst equation, batteries, fuel cells, corrosion and its prevention

Chemistry: Unit 10

• First and second law-internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy changes, specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume, enthalpy of combustion, formation and neutralization, Kirchhoff law, Hess’s law, bond energy

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Law of chemical equilibrium, homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium constants, factors affecting-ionic equilibrium, ionization of acids and bases, buffer solutions, pH-solubility of sparingly soluble salts

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Order, molecularity, rate and rate constant-first and second order reactions, temperature dependence, factors influencing rate of reaction, integrated rate equation, collision theory of chemical reaction

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Classification, functional groups, nomenclature and isomerism, types of organic reactions, mechanism, purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis carbocation, carbanion and free radical, electron displacement in covalent bond

Chemistry: Unit 14

• IUPAC nomenclature, alkanes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, nomenclature, preparation, physical and chemical properties uses
• Polymerization-types, molecular mass, biodegradable and commercial polymers

Chemistry: Unit 15

• Nature of C-X bond, preparation-properties and reactions of alkyl and aryl halides, polyhalogen compounds-substitution and elimination, mechanism, Grignard reagents

Chemistry: Unit 16

• Preparation-properties and uses of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds, aliphatic and aromatic amines, nitriles, diazonium salts
• 1°, 2°, and 3° amines, distinction, optical activity

Chemistry: Unit 17

• Nomenclature, preparation, properties and uses of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic carboxylic acids, benzoic acid, salicylic acid

Chemistry: Unit 18

• Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids-enzymes, vitamins, and nucleic acids, lipids
• Pollution-air, water and soil-industrial waste, acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, strategies to control pollution

Biology: Unit 01

• Biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature
• Biological classification: Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of monera, protista and fungi into major groups; lichens, viruses and viroids
• Plant kingdom: Classification of plants into major groups; salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of algae, bryophyta, pteridophyta, gymnospermae
• Animal Kingdom: Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level

Biology: Unit 02

• Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed
• Description of family solanaceae anatomy of flowering plants: Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots
• Structural organisation in animals: Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems of frog

Biology: Unit 03

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles-structure and function; endomembrane system
• Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus
• Biomolecules: Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzyme-types, properties, enzyme action
• Cell cycle and cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Biology: Unit 04

• Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
• Chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis
• Respiration in plants: Exchange of gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations-number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient
• Plant-growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell
• Plant-growth and development: Growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

Biology: Unit 05

• Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume
• Disorders related to respiration-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders
• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation
• Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor
• Excretory products and their elimination: ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders-uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant
• Locomotion and movement: Types of movement-ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems-myasthenia gravis, tetany
• Locomotion and movement: Disorders of muscular and skeletal systems-muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout
• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans-central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse
• Neural control and coordination: Chemical coordination and Integration-endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea)
• Neural control and coordination: Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease
• Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief

Biology: Unit 06

• Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo
• Development of seed and formation of fruit; special modesˇapomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea), lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 07

• Mendelian inheritance; deviations from mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes
• Sex determination-in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome
• Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene 8 expression and regulation-lac operon; genome
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting
• Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 08

• Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS
• Adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse
• Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers
• Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Biology: Unit 09

• Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Biotechnology and its applications: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture-human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues
• Biotechnology and its applications: Biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 10

• Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Population interactions-topics excluded: Organism and its environment, major abiotic factors, responses to abiotic factors adaptations
• Ecosystem: Ecosystems patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (topics excluded: Ecological succession and nutrient cycles)
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity-concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, sacred groves, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

English: Unit 01

English: Unit 02

English: Unit 03

English: Unit 04

English: Unit 05