NEET 2027 Physics Formulas Sheet - Topic-wise Important Formulas PDF

Important Physics Formulas For NEET 2027 PDF Download

To make the NEET physics study easier for aspirants, all the important physics formulas for NEET 2027 are given in one place. It is prepared to help students revise quickly and solve questions with speed and accuracy. The formula sheet covers key topics from mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, waves, and modern physics.

Download Here - NEET 2027 Physics Formula Sheet PDF (Free)

NEET 2027 Physics Formulas: Chapter-wise List (Class 11 and Class 12)

The following formulas are arranged systematically to help candidates prepare the NEET Physics syllabus for NEET 2027 in an organised manner:

Units and Measurements

Percentage error

$Percentage\ error = \frac{\Delta A}{A}\times100$

Addition/subtraction

If $Z=A\pm B$, then:

$\Delta Z=\Delta A+\Delta B$

Multiplication/division

If $Z=AB$ or $Z=\frac{A}{B}$, then:

$\frac{\Delta Z}{Z}=\frac{\Delta A}{A}+\frac{\Delta B}{B}$

Power of a measured quantity

If $Z=A^n$, then:

$\frac{\Delta Z}{Z}=n\frac{\Delta A}{A}$

Vectors

Magnitude of a vector

$|\vec A|=\sqrt{A_x^2+A_y^2+A_z^2}$

Resultant of two vectors

$R=\sqrt{A^2+B^2+2AB\cos\theta}$

Dot product

$\vec A\cdot\vec B=AB\cos\theta$

Cross product

$|\vec A\times\vec B|=AB\sin\theta$

Kinematics

Speed

$v=\frac{distance}{time}$

Average velocity

$v_{avg}=\frac{total\ displacement}{total\ time}$

First equation of motion

$v=u+at$

Second equation of motion

$s=ut+\frac{1}{2}at^2$

Third equation of motion

$v^2=u^2+2as$

Displacement using average velocity

$s=\frac{u+v}{2}t$

Distance travelled in the nth second

$s_n=u+\frac{a}{2}(2n-1)$

where $u$ is initial velocity, $v$ is final velocity, $a$ is acceleration, $t$ is time and $s$ is displacement.

Projectile Motion

Time of flight

$T=\frac{2u\sin\theta}{g}$

Maximum height

$H=\frac{u^2\sin^2\theta}{2g}$

Horizontal range

$R=\frac{u^2\sin2\theta}{g}$

Time to reach maximum height

$t_H=\frac{u\sin\theta}{g}$

Maximum range

$R_{max}=\frac{u^2}{g}$

at $\theta=45^\circ$.

Laws of Motion

Newton's second law

$F=ma$

Momentum

$p=mv$

Impulse

$J=F\Delta t=\Delta p$

Static friction

$f_s\leq\mu_sN$

Limiting friction

$f_{max}=\mu_sN$

Kinetic friction

$f_k=\mu_kN$

Centripetal force

$F_c=\frac{mv^2}{r}=m\omega^2r$

Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force

$W=Fs\cos\theta$

Kinetic energy

$K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2$

Potential energy near Earth's surface

$U=mgh$

Work-energy theorem

$W_{net}=\Delta K$

Power

$P=\frac{W}{t}$

Instantaneous power

$P=\vec F\cdot\vec v$

Spring potential energy

$U=\frac{1}{2}kx^2$

Circular Motion

Angular velocity

$\omega=\frac{v}{r}$

Linear velocity

$v=r\omega$

Centripetal acceleration

$a_c=\frac{v^2}{r}=r\omega^2$

Time period

$T=\frac{2\pi r}{v}=\frac{2\pi}{\omega}$

Frequency

$f=\frac{1}{T}$

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Centre of mass

$\vec R=\frac{\sum m_i\vec r_i}{\sum m_i}$

Torque

$\tau=rF\sin\theta$

Angular momentum

$L=I\omega$

Rotational kinetic energy

$K=\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$

Rotational equation

$\tau=I\alpha$

Rolling without slipping

$v=R\omega$

Moment of inertia of a ring

$I=MR^2$

Moment of inertia of a solid disc

$I=\frac{1}{2}MR^2$

Moment of inertia of a solid sphere

$I=\frac{2}{5}MR^2$

Moment of inertia of a hollow sphere

$I=\frac{2}{3}MR^2$

Gravitation

Newton's law of gravitation

$F=\frac{GMm}{r^2}$

Acceleration due to gravity

$g=\frac{GM}{R^2}$

Gravitational potential

$V=-\frac{GM}{r}$

Gravitational potential energy

$U=-\frac{GMm}{r}$

Orbital velocity

$v_o=\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}$

Near Earth's surface:

$v_o=\sqrt{gR}$

Escape velocity

$v_e=\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}=\sqrt{2gR}$

Relation between escape and orbital velocity

$v_e=\sqrt2v_o$

Kepler's Laws

Kepler's third law

$T^2\propto r^3$

Mechanical Properties of Solids

Stress

$Stress=\frac{F}{A}$

Longitudinal strain

$Strain=\frac{\Delta L}{L}$

Hooke's law

$Stress\propto Strain$

Young's modulus

$Y=\frac{Stress}{Strain}$

$Y=\frac{FL}{A\Delta L}$

Bulk modulus

$K=-\frac{\Delta P}{\Delta V/V}$

Modulus of rigidity

$\eta=\frac{Shear\ stress}{Shear\ strain}$

Properties of Fluids

Density

$\rho=\frac{m}{V}$

Pressure

$P=\frac{F}{A}$

Pressure at depth $h$

$P=P_0+\rho gh$

Buoyant force

$F_B=\rho Vg$

Continuity equation

$A_1v_1=A_2v_2$

Bernoulli's equation

$P+\frac{1}{2}\rho v^2+\rho gh=constant$

Surface tension

$T=\frac{F}{l}$

Excess pressure inside a liquid drop

$\Delta P=\frac{2T}{R}$

Excess pressure inside a soap bubble

$\Delta P=\frac{4T}{R}$

Stokes' law

$F=6\pi\eta rv$

Terminal velocity

$v_t=\frac{2r^2(\rho-\sigma)g}{9\eta}$

Thermal Properties of Matter

Linear expansion

$\Delta L=\alpha L\Delta T$

Area expansion

$\Delta A=2\alpha A\Delta T$

Volume expansion

$\Delta V=\gamma V\Delta T$

Heat gained or lost

$Q=mc\Delta T$

Heat during phase change

$Q=mL$

Heat conduction

$\frac{Q}{t}=\frac{kA(T_1-T_2)}{L}$

Stefan's law

$P=\sigma AT^4$

Newton's law of cooling

$\frac{dT}{dt}\propto -(T-T_s)$

Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics

$Q=\Delta U+W$

Work done at constant pressure

$W=P\Delta V$

Ideal gas equation

$PV=nRT$

Isothermal process

$PV=constant$

Work done in an isothermal process

$W=nRT\ln\frac{V_2}{V_1}$

Adiabatic process

$PV^\gamma=constant$

Relation for an adiabatic process

$TV^{\gamma-1}=constant$

Heat capacities

$C_p-C_v=R$

Ratio of heat capacities

$\gamma=\frac{C_p}{C_v}$

Efficiency of heat engine

$\eta=\frac{W}{Q_H}$

Carnot efficiency

$\eta=1-\frac{T_C}{T_H}$

Temperatures must be taken in Kelvin.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Ideal gas equation

$PV=Nk_BT$

Pressure of an ideal gas

$P=\frac{1}{3}\rho v_{rms}^2$

RMS speed

$v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}$

Average translational kinetic energy per molecule

$K_{avg}=\frac{3}{2}k_BT$

Oscillations and SHM

Displacement in SHM

$x=A\sin(\omega t+\phi)$

Velocity

$v=\omega\sqrt{A^2-x^2}$

Acceleration

$a=-\omega^2x$

Maximum velocity

$v_{max}=A\omega$

Maximum acceleration

$a_{max}=A\omega^2$

Time period of spring-mass system

$T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}$

Time period of simple pendulum

$T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l}{g}}$

Waves

Wave equation

$v=f\lambda$

Angular frequency

$\omega=2\pi f$

Wave number

$k=\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}$

Progressive wave

$y=A\sin(kx-\omega t+\phi)$

Speed of wave on a stretched string

$v=\sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}$

Doppler effect

For a stationary source and moving observer:

$f'=f\left(\frac{v\pm v_o}{v}\right)$

Electrostatics

Coulomb's law

$F=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}$

Electric field due to a point charge

$E=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q}{r^2}$

Electric potential due to a point charge

$V=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q}{r}$

Potential energy of two charges

$U=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r}$

Electric dipole moment

$p=q(2a)$

Torque on electric dipole

$\tau=pE\sin\theta$

Potential energy of electric dipole

$U=-pE\cos\theta$

Electric flux

$\Phi_E=\vec E\cdot\vec A=EA\cos\theta$

Gauss's law

$\Phi_E=\frac{q_{enclosed}}{\epsilon_0}$

Electric Potential and Capacitance

Capacitance

$C=\frac{Q}{V}$

Parallel-plate capacitor

$C=\frac{\epsilon_0A}{d}$

Capacitance with dielectric

$C=\frac{K\epsilon_0A}{d}$

Energy stored in capacitor

$U=\frac{1}{2}CV^2$

$U=\frac{1}{2}QV$

$U=\frac{Q^2}{2C}$

Capacitors in parallel

$C_{eq}=C_1+C_2+\cdots$

Capacitors in series

$\frac{1}{C_{eq}}=\frac{1}{C_1}+\frac{1}{C_2}+\cdots$

Current Electricity

Electric current

$I=\frac{Q}{t}$

Ohm's law

$V=IR$

Resistance

$R=\rho\frac{L}{A}$

Drift velocity relation

$I=neAv_d$

Electrical power

$P=VI=I^2R=\frac{V^2}{R}$

Electrical energy

$W=Pt$

Resistors in series

$R_{eq}=R_1+R_2+\cdots$

Resistors in parallel

$\frac{1}{R_{eq}}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\cdots$

Kirchhoff's junction rule

$\sum I_{in}=\sum I_{out}$

Kirchhoff's loop rule

$\sum V=0$

Wheatstone Bridge and Potentiometer

Wheatstone bridge balance condition

$\frac{P}{Q}=\frac{R}{S}$

Potentiometer potential gradient

$k=\frac{V}{L}$

Potential difference

$V=kL$

Comparison of emf

$\frac{E_1}{E_2}=\frac{l_1}{l_2}$

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetic force on a moving charge

$F=qvB\sin\theta$

Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor

$F=BIl\sin\theta$

Radius of circular path of charged particle

$r=\frac{mv}{qB}$

Cyclotron angular frequency

$\omega=\frac{qB}{m}$

Cyclotron frequency

$f=\frac{qB}{2\pi m}$

Magnetic field due to a long straight conductor

$B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi r}$

Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil

$B=\frac{\mu_0NI}{2R}$

Torque on current loop

$\tau=NIAB\sin\theta$

Magnetic dipole moment

$M=NIA$

Ampere's Law and Solenoid

Ampere's law

$\oint\vec B\cdot d\vec l=\mu_0I$

Magnetic field inside a long solenoid

$B=\mu_0nI$

Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic susceptibility

$\chi_m=\frac{M}{H}$

Relative permeability

$\mu_r=1+\chi_m$

Magnetic field relation

$B=\mu_0(H+M)$

Torque on magnetic dipole

$\tau=MB\sin\theta$

Potential energy of magnetic dipole

$U=-MB\cos\theta$

Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic flux

$\Phi_B=BA\cos\theta$

Faraday's law

$\varepsilon=-\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$

For $N$ turns:

$\varepsilon=-N\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$

Motional emf

$\varepsilon=Blv$

Energy stored in an inductor

$U=\frac{1}{2}LI^2$

Self-inductance

$\varepsilon=-L\frac{dI}{dt}$

Mutual inductance

$\varepsilon_2=-M\frac{dI_1}{dt}$

Alternating Current and LCR Circuit

AC voltage

$V=V_0\sin\omega t$

RMS voltage

$V_{rms}=\frac{V_0}{\sqrt2}$

RMS current

$I_{rms}=\frac{I_0}{\sqrt2}$

Inductive reactance

$X_L=\omega L$

Capacitive reactance

$X_C=\frac{1}{\omega C}$

Impedance of series LCR circuit

$Z=\sqrt{R^2+(X_L-X_C)^2}$

Current

$I=\frac{V}{Z}$

Phase angle

$\tan\phi=\frac{X_L-X_C}{R}$

Resonance condition

$X_L=X_C$

Resonant angular frequency

$\omega_0=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}$

Transformer

Transformer equation

$\frac{V_s}{V_p}=\frac{N_s}{N_p}$

Current relation

$\frac{I_s}{I_p}=\frac{N_p}{N_s}$

Electromagnetic Waves

Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum

$c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0\epsilon_0}}$

Relation between electric and magnetic fields

$\frac{E}{B}=c$

Frequency-wavelength relation

$c=f\lambda$

Ray Optics

Refractive index

$n=\frac{c}{v}$

Snell's law

$n_1\sin i=n_2\sin r$

Critical angle

$\sin C=\frac{n_2}{n_1}$

for $n_1>n_2$.

Mirror formula

$\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}$

Mirror magnification

$m=-\frac{v}{u}$

Lens formula

$\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}$

Lens magnification

$m=\frac{v}{u}$

Power of lens

$P=\frac{1}{f}$

where $f$ is measured in metres.

Combination of thin lenses

$P=P_1+P_2+\cdots$

Prism and Lens Maker's Formula

Prism formula

For a prism at minimum deviation:

$n=\frac{\sin\left(\frac{A+\delta_m}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)}$

Lens maker's formula

$\frac{1}{f}=(\mu-1)\left(\frac{1}{R_1}-\frac{1}{R_2}\right)$

Optical Instruments

Magnifying power of simple microscope

$M=1+\frac{D}{f}$

for final image at the least distance of distinct vision.

Magnifying power of telescope

$M=\frac{f_o}{f_e}$

for normal adjustment.

Wave Optics

Young's Double-Slit Experiment

Path difference

$\Delta=d\sin\theta$

For small angles:

$y=D\tan\theta\approx D\theta$

Bright fringe

$y_n=\frac{n\lambda D}{d}$

Dark fringe

$y_n=\frac{(2n-1)\lambda D}{2d}$

Fringe width

$\beta=\frac{\lambda D}{d}$

Diffraction

Width of central maximum

$2\frac{\lambda D}{a}$

Polarisation

Brewster's law

$\mu=\tan i_B$

Photoelectric Effect

Energy of photon

$E=h\nu=\frac{hc}{\lambda}$

Einstein's photoelectric equation

$K_{max}=h\nu-\phi$

Work function

$\phi=h\nu_0$

Stopping potential

$eV_0=K_{max}$

Threshold frequency

$\nu_0=\frac{\phi}{h}$

Dual Nature of Matter

de Broglie wavelength

$\lambda=\frac{h}{p}$

For a non-relativistic particle:

$\lambda=\frac{h}{mv}$

For an electron accelerated through potential $V$:

$\lambda=\frac{h}{\sqrt{2meV}}$

For an electron:

$\lambda(\text{\AA})=\frac{12.27}{\sqrt V}$

where $V$ is in volts.

Atoms

Bohr's angular momentum condition

$mvr=\frac{nh}{2\pi}$

Radius of nth orbit

$r_n=\frac{n^2a_0}{Z}$

Energy of electron in hydrogen-like atom

$E_n=-\frac{13.6Z^2}{n^2}\ eV$

Rydberg equation

$\frac{1}{\lambda}=RZ^2\left(\frac{1}{n_1^2}-\frac{1}{n_2^2}\right)$

where $n_2>n_1$.

Nuclei and Radioactivity

Mass-energy relation

$E=mc^2$

Mass defect

$\Delta m=Zm_p+(A-Z)m_n-M$

Binding energy

$BE=\Delta mc^2$

Radioactive decay law

$N=N_0e^{-\lambda t}$

Activity

$A=\lambda N$

Half-life

$T_{1/2}=\frac{0.693}{\lambda}$

Mean life

$\tau=\frac{1}{\lambda}$

Relation between half-life and mean life

$T_{1/2}=0.693\tau$

Semiconductor Electronics and Logic Gates

Diode current equation

$I=I_0\left(e^{eV/k_BT}-1\right)$

For NEET, students should focus on the working and characteristics of the p-n junction diode, rectifier, LED, photodiode, solar cell, Zener diode and logic gates.

Logic Gates

NOT gate

$Y=\bar A$

AND gate

$Y=AB$

OR gate

$Y=A+B$

NAND gate

$Y=\overline{AB}$

NOR gate

$Y=\overline{A+B}$

Important Physical Constants and Unit Conversions for NEET Numericals

Given below is the table showing the important physical constants and unit conversions required in NEET Physics numericals. Having all these values at hand will assist students in saving their time and avoiding mistakes due to wrong units while calculating. There are other conversions that candidates must remember, such as electron volts to joules.

NEET Physics Formulas 2027: Quick Flashcards (Chapter-wise)

Flashcards are useful because they help you revise super fast and test yourself anytime, anywhere. You can flip through them on the bus, before sleeping, or even while waiting for tea, and that small effort adds up big time in your memory. Use these to keep important NEET physics formulas at your fingertips, no tension, no stress.