Biological Evolution MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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Biological Evolution
- Continuing with the chemical evolution, the amino acids, sugars, glycerol, fatty acids of primitive ocean polymerized to form large macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
- These complex compounds are the main components of the protoplasm of al living cells, their synthesis established the possibility of the origin of life in the primitive ocean.
- According to Fox, the collection of organic macromolecules surrounded by a double-layered boundary called the microsphere was formed.
- At later stages, the microspheres carrying the opposite electrical charges aggregated to form larger and denser colloidal systems called coacervates, as termed by Oparin.
- Coacervates provided an environment for various reactions and could grow in size by absorbing substances dissolved in water.
- These coacervates became more complex and created diversity amongst themselves.
- Another important event in the origin of life was the formation of nucleic acids in the primitive ocean.
- The nucleotides were formed by the combination of a pentose sugar, nitrogen bases and phosphoric acids. These molecules behaved like naked genes or free genes.
- Due to aggregation properties of molecules, macromolecules of nucleo-proteins were formed by the combination of nucleotides and proteins.
- A number of such free genes might have aggregated to form a single large unit that resembled the present-day virus and was named protovirus.
- Before the gene aggregates could develop into anything like a cell, it was necessary that they produce enzymes.
- With the gradual formation of enzymes, conditions were now favorable for the formation of the cell.
- The earliest cell was very simple. There was no nucleus and resembled a prokaryotic cell.
- The first cellular form of life did not possibly originate until about 2000 million years ago.
- All life forms were in a water environment only.
- This version of abiogenesis, i.e., the first form of life arose slowly through evolutionary forces from non-living molecules is accepted by the majority.
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