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Biotechnology & Its Principles MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET

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  • Biotechnology & Its Principles is considered one of the most asked concept.

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Biotechnology & Its Principles
  • Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans. 
  • However, it is used in a restricted sense today, to refer to such processes that use genetically modified organisms to achieve the same on a larger scale. 
  • Further, many other processes/techniques are also included under biotechnology. For example, in vitro fertilization leading to a ‘test-tube’ baby, synthesizing a gene and using it, developing a DNA vaccine or correcting a defective gene, are all part of biotechnology.
  • The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given a definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional views and modern molecular biotechnology.
  • The definition given by EFB is as follows:
    • ‘The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, a molecular analog for products and services’.
  • The term ‘biotechnology’ was coined in 1917 by Karl Ereky.
  • Paul Berg is considered the Father of Biotechnology.

Principles of Biotechnology:

  • Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
  • Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.

What is recombinant DNA?

  • Recombinant DNA, which is often shortened to rDNA, is an artificially made DNA strand that is formed by the combination of two or more gene sequences. 
  • This new combination may or may not occur naturally, but is engineered specifically for a purpose to be used in one of the many applications of recombinant DNA.


 

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