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Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET

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  • Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals is considered one of the most asked concept.

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Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals

Vectors for cloning genes in plants:

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne, Gram-negative bacterium. 
  • A. tumefaciens is a phytopathogen and is treated as nature’s most effective plant genetic engineer.
  • There are mainly two species of Agrobacterium:
    • A. tumefaciens that induce crown gall disease.
    • A. rhizogenes that induce hairy root disease.
  • Crown gall formation occurs when the bacterium releases its Ti plasmid (tumour- inducing plasmid) into the plant cell cytoplasm. 
  • A fragment (segment) of Ti plasmid, referred to as T-DNA, is actually transferred from the bacterium into the host where it gets integrated into the plant cell chromosome (i.e. host genome). 
  • Thus, crown gall disease is a naturally evolved genetic engineering process.
  • The tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has now been modified into a cloning vector which is no more pathogenic to the plants but is still able to use the mechanisms to deliver genes of our interest into a variety of plants. 

Vectors for cloning genes in animals:

  • Similarly, retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
  • Retroviruses have also been disarmed and are now used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells.
     

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