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Characteristic X-Rays is considered one of the most asked concept.
17 Questions around this concept.
The intensity of gamma radiation from a given source is
The
The wavelength of the characteristic X-ray line emitted by a hydrogen-like atom is
. The wavelength of
the line emitted by the same element is:
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What element has line of wavelength 1.785 A?
The wavelength of X-rays for two metals ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
and
respectively , where ‘R’ is Rydberg constant. Find the number of elements lying between A and B according to their atomic numbers
Characteristic spectra of X-rays are shown in the figure. which is
The differential scattering cross section is given by if the intensity of incoming particle is I what will be the intensity of scattered particle.
The wave length of the characteristic
The intensity of X-rays from a Coolidge tube is plotted against wavelength as shown in the figure. The minimum wavelength found is
and the wavelength of the
line is
. As the accelerating voltage is increased:
For X-rays coming from a Coolidge tube, consider the following statements:
A. Product of cutoff wavelength and accelerating voltage is a constant
B.
Characteristic X-Rays -
Few of the fast moving electrons having high velocity penetrate the surface atoms of the target material and knock out the tightly bound electrons even from the inner most shells of the atom. Now when the electron is knocked out, a vacancy is created at that place. To fill this vacancy electrons from higher shells jump to fill the created vacancies, we know that when an electron jumps from a higher energy orbit E1 to lower energy orbit E2 , it radiates energy (E1−E2). Thus this energy difference is radiated in the form of X-rays of very small but definite wavelength which depends upon the target material. The X-ray spectrum consists of sharp lines and is called characteristic X-ray spectrum. These X-rays are called characteristic X-rays because they are characteristic of the element used as target anode. Characteristic X-rays have a line spectral distribution unlike the continuous X-rays. The wavelength spectrum of the X-frequencies corresponding to these lines are the characteristic of the material or the target, i.e., anode material.
When the atoms of the target material are bombarded with high energy electrons (or hard X-rays), which possess enough energy to penetrate into the atom, they knockout the electron of inner shell (say K shell, n=1 ). When an electron is missing in the K shell, an electron from next upper shell makes a quantum jump to fill the vacancy in the K shell. In the transition process, the electron radiates
energy whose frequency lies in the X-ray region. The frequency of emitted radiation (i.e., of photon) is given by -
Another vacancy is now created in the
Similarly the rest of the series can be shown as below -
Now notice the graph shown below and the sharp peaks obtained in graph are known as characteristic X-rays because they are characteristic of the target material. The characteristic wavelengths of the material having atomic number Z are called characteristic X-rays and the spectrum obtained is called characteristic spectrum. If a target material of atomic number Z is used, then peaks are shifted.
The characteristic wavelengths of the material having atomic number Z are called characteristic X-rays and the spectrum
obtained is called characteristic spectrum. If a target material of atomic number Z is used, then peaks are shifted as shown below -
X - ray absorption-
The intensity of X-rays at any point may be defined as the energy falling per second per unit area held perpendicular to the direction of energy flow. Let
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