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Microbes in Enzyme and Bioactive Molecule Production - Practice Questions & MCQ
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules is considered one of the most asked concept.
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Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules
- Microbes are also used for commercial and industrial production of certain chemicals like organic acids, alcohols and enzymes.
- Examples of acid producers are:
- Aspergillus niger (a fungus) of citric acid,
- Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium) of acetic acid;
- Clostridium butylicum (a bacterium) of butyric acid;
- Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid.
- Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used for commercial production of ethanol.
- Microbes are also used for production of enzymes:
- Lipases are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry obtained from Candida lipolytica.
- Pectinases from Byssochlamys fulva and proteases from Aspergillus and Bacillus are used in clearing fruit juices.
- Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a ‘clot buster’ for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack.
- Another bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.
- Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.
- It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.
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