Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

1. Arthritis:

• It is caused by the inflammation of the joints. Some types of arthritis are described here:
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): It is diagnosed by the presence of rheumatoid factor (a type of immunoglobulin IgM). Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane in synovial joints.
  • Osteoarthritis: It is also called degenerative joint disease. It is the most common type of joint disease. It is characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage in synovial joints.
  • Infectious Arthritis: These types of arthritis mostly occurs due to bacterial and viral infection and are called bacterial and viral arthritis respectively.
  • Gout and Gouty Arthritis: This disease is due to a defect in purine metabolism that causes an excess of uric acid and its salts (urates). The level of uric acid is raised in the blood and crystals of its salts (e.g., sodium urate) accumulate in the joints resulting in gouty arthritis.

2. Osteoporosis:

• Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone loses minerals and fibres from its matrix. 
• There are more chances of fractures. 
• It is caused by imbalances of hormones like calcitonin of thyroid, parathormone of parathyroids, and sex hormones and deficiencies of calcium and vitamin D.

3. Osteomalacia or Rickets:

• Osteomalacia, called rickets when it occurs in childhood, is a disease in which the bones contain insufficient amounts of calcium and phosphorus. 
• It can be caused due to—kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, and an inherited defect.

4. Myasthenia gravis: Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

5. Muscular dystrophy: Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to a genetic disorder.

6. Tetany: Rapid spasms (wild contractions) in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid.