Careers360 Logo
How Many Days Left for NEET 2025? - Countdown NEET 2025

Ellingham Diagram MCQ - NEET Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 25, 2023 25:23 PM | #NEET

Quick Facts

  • 57 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

Considering the Ellingham diagram, which of the following metals can be used to reduce alumina? 

The Maximum Temperature that can be achieved in a blast furnace is :

Which of the following elements is present as the impurity to the maximum extent in the pig iron?

 In the context of the Hall - Heroult process for the extraction Al, which of the following statements is false ?

Aluminium is extracted from alumina (Al2O3)  by electrolysis of a molten mixture of:

Hall-Heroult's process is given by :

Heating mixture of Cu2O and Cu2 S will give 

Assertion: Reverberatory furnace is used for the smelting of copper ores.

Reasoning: In a reverberatory furnace, the heat is supplied by the combustion of fuel in a separate chamber, and the copper ore is placed on a flat hearth where it is heated and melted.

 

Smelting of aluminium ore (bauxite) involves the extraction of aluminium through the process of:

Most Scoring concepts for NEET
This ebook serves as a valuable study guide for NEET exams, specifically designed to assist students in light of recent changes and the removal of certain topics from the NEET exam.
Download EBook

Smelting is a high-temperature process that requires a furnace capable of reaching temperatures of:

Concepts Covered - 0

Ellingham Diagram
  • Ellingham diagram normally consists of plots of ∆fGV vs T for the formation of oxides of common metals and reducing agents i.e., for the reaction given below.
    2 \mathrm{xM}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{s})
    In this reaction, gas is consumed in the formation of oxide hence, molecular randomness decreases in the formation of oxide which leads to a negative value of ∆S as a result sign of T∆S term becomes positive. Subsequently, ∆fGo shifts towards higher side despite rising T. The result is a positive slope in the curve for most of the reactions for the formation of MxO(s).

  • Each plot is a straight line and slopes upwards except when some change in phase (s→1 or 1→g) takes place. The temperature at which such change occurs is indicated by an increase in the slope on the positive side (e.g., in the Zn, ZnO plot, the melting is indicated by an abrupt change in the curve).

  • When the temperature is raised, a point is reached in the curve where it crosses ∆rGo=0 line. Below this temperature, ∆rGo for the formation of oxide is negative so MxO is stable. Above this point, free energy of formation of oxide is positive. The oxide, MxO will decompose on its own.

  • Similar diagrams are constructed for sulfides and halides also. From them it becomes clear that why reduction of MxS is difficult.

Limitations of Ellingham Diagram

  • It only tells about the thermodynamic feasibility of the reduction of metal oxide by a reducing agent. It does not give any idea about the kinetics of the reaction.
  • It always considers an equilibrium between the two reactions or consider an equilibrium between reactants and products. But if solids are there then no equilibrium exist.
Reduction of oxide to metal - Smelting

Reduction of oxides of less electropositive metals like Pb, Fe, Zn, Sn and Cu is carried out by heating them with coal or coke in a blast furnace in presence of limited air at a temperature range nearly 200oC - 1500oC.

For example:

\mathrm{ZnO\: +\: C\: \overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}\: Zn\: +\: CO}

\mathrm{PbO}\: +\: \mathrm{C} \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Pb}\: +\: \mathrm{CO}

\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}+3 \mathrm{C} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}+3 \mathrm{CO}

In case of tin, the concentrated cassiterite ore is mixed with 1/5th of its weight of powdered anthracite(carbon) and some limestone for hearing in a reverberatory furnace ar 1473-1573K. Here the ore gets reduced to metallic tin and the impurity of silica can be removed as calcium silicate (slag).

\mathrm{SnO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{C} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Sn}+2 \mathrm{CO}

\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\: \overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}\mathrm{CaO}+\mathrm{CO}_{2}

\mathrm{CaO}+\mathrm{SiO}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}

NOTE: Tin obtained from here is 99.5% pure and known as black tin. Here, use of an excess of lime is avoided otherwise calcium stannate will also be formed.

Reduction by a More Electropositive Metal(Thermite Process)

Some meral oxides which are not reduced by carbon, like chromium trioxide (Cr2O3), titanium chloride (TiCl4), manganese oxide Mn3Oare reduced by using highly electropositive merals like Na, K, Al, Mg etc. It is also called electrometallurgy.

"Stay in the loop. Receive exam news, study resources, and expert advice!"

Get Answer to all your questions

Back to top