Eubacteria MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

• Eubacteria or simply bacteria are the true bacteria.
• These are cosmopolitan i.e. they can be found everywhere 
• Bacteria have a cell envelope which includes a cell envelope which consists of glycocalyx ( mucilage covering), cell wall and cell membrane.
• Bacteria have peptidoglycan layers in their cell wall. In this respect, they differ from archaebacteria.
• The cell membrane of bacteria is of phospholipid which is similar to that in eukaryotes.
• They lack membrane-bound cell organelles. Ribosomes of the 70S are present in them.
• The nucleus in them is called nucleoid. Apart from chromosomal DNA, they also possess extrachromosomal DNA such as a plasmid. 
• They possess extracellular structures such as flagella, pili, fimbriae on their surfaces.

 
 Shapes of bacteria:
Bacteria can be divided into four types based on the shape

• Coccus - About spherical and always non-flagellate. They can be Monococcus ( occur singly), Diplococcus ( occur in pairs), Streptococcus ( occur in chains), Staphylococcus ( irregular clusters), Sarcina ( geometrical forms) etc.
• Spirillum - Coiled forms giving the spiral appearance. Eg. Spirillum minus
• Bacillus - Rod-shaped with rounded or blunt ends. E.g. Monobacillus, Diplobacillus etc.
• Vibrio - Little less than one complete twist or turn resembles comma (,). E.g. Vibrio cholera

Structure of bacterial cell
A bacterial cell consists of a cell envelope, cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, inclusion bodies, flagella, pili and fimbriae.