Ionic Equilibrium - Practice Questions & MCQ

Types of substances

Substances are of two types:

• Non-Electrolyte: Their aqueous solution or molten state does not conduct electricity. Example, solution of urea, glucose, sugar, glycerine etc.
• Electrolyte: Their aqueous or molten state conducts electricity.

Strong Electrolyte: These are much ionized in water, and hence show more conduction. Example, Strong acids like HCI, H₂SO₄, HNO₃, strong bases like MOH, MOH₂. Example, KOH, NaOH, etc. and salt of strong acid or strong base like NaCl, CH₃COONa, NH₄X, etc.
Weak Electrolyte: These are less ionized in water so show less conduction. Example, weak acids like CH₃COOH, HCN, H₃PO₄, H₂CO₃, weak bases like NH₄OH and their salts like NH₂CN, CH₃COONH₄, etc.
Degree of lonization: It is the extent to which an electrolyte gets ionized in a solvent. It is shown by ? or x.

? depends on the following factors:

• Nature of solute and solvent: For strong electrolytes, ? is more than that for weak electrolytes.
• ? is directly proportional to dielectric constant of solvent.
• The degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte ∝ Dilution
• ? ∝ 1/Concentration
• ? ∝ Temperature