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Motional Electromotive Force MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 25, 2023 25:23 PM | #NEET

Quick Facts

  • Motional Electromotive force(IV) is considered one the most difficult concept.

  • Motional Electromotive force(I), Motional Electromotive force(II), Energy consideration in Motional Emf, Motional Electromotive force(III) is considered one of the most asked concept.

  • 43 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

A conducting square loop of side L and resistance R moves in its plane with a uniform velocity v perpendicular to one of its sides. A magnetic induction B constant in time and space, pointing perpendicular and into the plane at the loop exists everywhere with half the loop outside the field, as shown in figure.

The induced emf is

A thin semicircular conducting ring (PQR) of radius 'r' is falling with its plane vertical in a horizontal magnetic field B, as shown in figure. The potential difference developed across the ring when its speed is v, is:

A rectangular loop has a sliding connector PQ of length l and resistance R\: \Omega and it is moving with a speed \upsilon as shown. The set-up is placed in a uniform magnetic field going into the plane of the paper. The three currents I_{1},I_{2}\: and \: I_{3} are

 

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A boat is moving due east in a region where the earth’s magnetic field is 5.0 × 10-5 N A-1 m-1 due north and horizontal. The boat carries a vertical aerial 2 m long. If the speed of the boat is 1.50 m s-1, the magnitude of the induced emf in the wire of the aerial is

A metallic rod of length 'I' is tied to a string of length 2I and made to rotate with angular speed \omega on a horizontal table with one end of the string fixed.If there is a vertical magnetic field 'B' in the region,the e.m.f. induced across the ends of the rod is :

 

In an AC generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total resistance R , rotates with frequency \omega in a magnetic field B . The maximum value of emf generated in the coil is

Concepts Covered - 5

Motional Electromotive force(I)

If a conducting rod of length l is moving with a uniform velocity \vec{V} perpendicular to the region of the uniform magnetic field (\vec{B}) which directed into the plane of the paper as shown in the below figure.

Then the magnetic force on +ve charges is given by \vec{F}_{B}=q (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})=e (\vec{v} \times \vec{B}) toward side b. 

And similarly the magnetic force on -ve charges is given by \vec{F}_{B}=q (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})=e (\vec{v} \times \vec{B}) toward side a. 

So positive and negative charges will accommodate at side b and side a respectively. This will create an electric field having direction from b to a. And electric force due to this field on charges will be given as \vec{F}_{E}=q \vec{E}

Applying Equilibrium condition between electric and magnetic force  

F_{E}=F_{B} \quad \Rightarrow q E=q v B \quad \Rightarrow \quad E=v B

So Potential difference induced between endpoints of the rod is given by

V_{a b} \equiv V_{b}-V_{a}=E L \quad \Rightarrow V_{a b}=v B L

this Potential difference (V_{a b}) is known as motional emf.

So Motional EMF is given by 

\varepsilon = Blv
 where 

B\rightarrow magnetic field

l\rightarrow length of conducting

v\rightarrow the velocity of rod perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field.

Motional Electromotive force(II)

If conducting PQ rod moves on two parallel conducting rails as shown in below  figure

and we wanted to find motional emf of the moving rod

Method I-

As magnetic flux is given by \phi =B.A

So initial flux passing through PQRS is given by \phi =B.A=B(l.x)

And when rod starts moving this flux will change then the change in flux ix given as \varepsilon=-\frac{d \phi}{d t}=-\frac{d}{d t}(Blx)=-Bl\frac{dx}{dt}=-Bl(-v)=Blv

So the motional emf is given as    \varepsilon= Blv

Method II-

Due to the motion of the rod +ve and -ve charges of the rod will start to move towards point Q and P respectively.

Then the magnetic force on +ve charges is given by \vec{F}_{B}=q (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})=e (\vec{v} \times \vec{B}) toward   Q. 

And similarly, the magnetic force on -ve charges is given by \vec{F}_{B}=q (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})=e (\vec{v} \times \vec{B}) toward  P.

So the work  done by the magnetic force to move the +ve charge from P to Q is given by W=\vec{F}_{B}.l=q (\vec{v} \times \vec{B}).l= qvBl

So potential difference across PQ is given as \Delta V=V_{PQ}=\frac{W}{q}=Blv 

So the motional emf is given as    \varepsilon= Blv 

Energy consideration in Motional Emf

As we learn for the above figure Motional EMF is given by 

\varepsilon = Blv
 where 

B\rightarrow magnetic field

l\rightarrow length of conducting

v\rightarrow the velocity of rod perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field.

So now we want to find whether the law of conservation is applicable for the motional emf or not?

So Induced Current in the conducting rod is given as   I= \frac{\varepsilon }{r}= \frac{Blv}{r}

where r is the resistance of the rod 

And assuming resistance of other arms (i.e PS,SR,RQ) is negligible.

Magnetic force on conducting rod is given as 

F=IlB=B\left ( \frac{Blv}{r} \right )l

F=\frac{B^{2}vl^{2}}{r}

The power dissipated in moving the conducting rod -

P_{mech}=P_{ext}=F\cdot v=\left ( \frac{B^{2}vl^{2}}{r} \right )\cdot v

P_{mech}=P_{ext}= \frac{B^{2}l^{2}v^{2}}{r}

Electric Power or the  rate of heat dissipation across the resistance is given as

P_{E}=I^{2}r=\left ( \frac{Blv}{r} \right )^{2}\cdot r= \frac{B^{2}l^{2}v^{2}}{r}

Since P_{mech}=P_{E}  So we can say that the principle of conservation of energy is applicable for the motional emf.

 

Motional Electromotive force(III)

General Case-

Motional emf when \vec{B} \ and \ \vec{V} \ and \ \vec{l} are at some angle with each other as shown in the below figure.

  \begin{aligned} \text { Then At steady state, } &\left|F_{e}\right|=\left|F_{m}\right| \\ & \Rightarrow F_{e}=-F_{m} \\ \Rightarrow & e \vec{E}=-\ell(\vec{V} \times \vec{B}) \\ \Rightarrow \vec{E} &=-(\vec{V} \times \vec{B}) \end{aligned}

\begin{aligned} And \ Poential \ difference &=d v=-\vec{E} \cdot \overrightarrow{d l} \\ & \Rightarrow d v=\int(\vec{V} \times \vec{B}) \cdot \vec{dl} \\ \Rightarrow \Delta v=(\vec{V} \times \vec{B}) \cdot \vec{l} \\ \\ \Rightarrow \varepsilon =(\vec{V} \times \vec{B}) \cdot \vec{l} & \end{aligned}

For example-

  • If the rod is moving by making an angle \theta with the direction of the magnetic field or length as shown in the below figure.

   

      then Induced emf  \Rightarrow \varepsilon =BlVsin\theta

\\ \Delta v = potential \ \ difference\\ B = Magnetic \ field \\ V = velocity \ of\ the \ rod

Motional Electromotive force(IV)

Motional E.m.f due to rotational motion-

 

If a conducting rod  PQ  is rotating with angular velocity  \omega about its one  end (Q) in a uniform magnetic field as shown in the below figure.

           

then   \varepsilon =\frac{1}{2}Bl^{2}\omega =Bl^{2}\pi\nu

where 

 \nu=\frac{\omega }{2\pi }=\frac{1}{T}\rightarrow f\! r\! equency

T \rightarrow Time\; period

Similarly

  • For  Cycle wheel rotating with angular velocity \omega about O.

            

\varepsilon = \frac{1}{2}Bwl^{2}

  • For Metal Disc

           

\varepsilon = \frac{1}{2}Bwr^{2}

 

 

 

Study it with Videos

Motional Electromotive force(I)
Motional Electromotive force(II)
Energy consideration in Motional Emf

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