Ecology, Organism & Its Environment MCQ - Practice Questions & Answers

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Ecology, Organism & Its Environment

Ecology is a subject which studies the interactions among organisms and between the organism and its physical (abiotic) environment.
Ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organisation –
- organisms,
- populations,
- communities and
- biomes.
In this chapter we explore ecology at organismic and population levels.
Ecology at the organismic level is essentially physiological ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environments in terms of not only survival but also reproduction.
The variations in temperature together with annual variation in precipitation account for the formation of major biomes such as desert, rainforest and tundra.
Regional and local variations within each biome lead to the formation of a wide variety of habitats.
The key elements that lead to so much variation in the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats are:
- temperature,
- water,
- light and
- Soil
However, physico-chemical (abiotic) components alone do not characterise the habitat of an organism completely; the habitat includes biotic components also – pathogens, parasites, predators and competitors – of the organism with which they interact constantly.
Over a period of time, the organism had through natural selection, evolved adaptations to optimise its survival and reproduction in its habitat.