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Chemistry: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell
• Packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point
• Osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea)
• Dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: Concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant
• Integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy, Arrhenious equation

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis: Homogenous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: Enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions
• Lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions-types of emulsions

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen-preparation, properties and uses
• Group 15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen ( structure only); phosphorus allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: Preparation and properties of phosphine
• Group 15 elements: Halides (PCl3, PCl5) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: Preparation, properties and uses; classification of oxides; ozone
• Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: Industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: Preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds
• Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 08

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
• General trends in properties of the first row transition metals-catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
• Actinoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthenoids

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, CFT; isomerism (structural and stereo)
• Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of- dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with special reference to methanol and ethanol
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in context
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry: Unit 14

• Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), DL configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): Importance
• Proteins: Elementary idea of a - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Hormones: Elementary idea (excluding structure)
• Vitamins: Classification and functions
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Chemistry: Unit 15

• Classification-natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization
• Some important polymers: Natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber
• Biodegradable and non-Biodegradable polymers

Chemistry: Unit 16

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, anti-fertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Biology: Unit 01

• Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation
• Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance
• Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans
• Heredity and variation: Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting
• Evolution: origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy- Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 03

• Health and disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); basic concepts of immunology–vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDs; adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse
• Health and disease: Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers

Biology: Unit 04

• Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions–mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries
• Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation
• Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Relations and functions: Types of relations-reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations
• Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition
• Matrices: Multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
• Matrices: Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (here all matrices will have real entries)
• Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency
• Determinants: Inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Concepts of exponential, logarithmic functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of loge x and ex. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives
• Continuity and differentiability: Rolle’s and Lagrange’s mean value theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretations
• Applications of derivatives: Applications of derivatives-rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, approximation
• Applications of derivatives: Maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
• Applications of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type-∫ dx / √(x² ± a²), ∫ dx / √(x² ∓ a²), ∫ dx / √(a² − x²)
• Integrals:Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type-∫ dx / √(ax² + bx + c), ∫ dx / √(ax² + bx + c), ∫ (px + q) / (ax² + bx + c) dx, ∫ (px + q) / √(ax² + bx + c) dx
• Integrals:Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type-∫ √(a² ± x²) dx, ∫ √(x² − a²) dx, ∫ √(ax² + bx + c) dx, ∫ (px + q) √(ax² + bx + c) dx
• Definite integrals as a limit of a sum
• Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof)
• Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, arcs of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area between the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable)

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation
• Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given
• Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree
• Solutions of linear differential equation of the type-(i) (dy/dx) + Py = Q, P and Q are functions of x or constant, (ii) (dx/dy) + Px = Q, P and Q are functions of y or constant

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector
• Vectors: Addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors
• Vectors: Scalar triple product
• Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines/ ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• Three-dimensional geometry: Angle between-(i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 07

• Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems
• Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

Mathematics: Unit 08

• Multiplications theorem on probability
• Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem
• Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable
• Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution

General English: Unit 01

General English: Unit 02

General English: Unit 03

General English: Unit 04

General English: Unit 05

General English: Unit 06

General English: Unit 07

General English: Unit 08

General English: Unit 09

General English: Unit 10

General English: Unit 11

General English: Unit 12

General English: Unit 13

General English: Unit 14

General English: Unit 15

General Hindi: Unit 01

General Hindi: Unit 02

General Hindi: Unit 03

General Hindi: Unit 04

General Hindi: Unit 05

General Hindi: Unit 06

General Hindi: Unit 07

General Hindi: Unit 08

General Hindi: Unit 09

General Hindi: Unit 10

General Hindi: Unit 11

General Hindi: Unit 12

General Hindi: Unit 13

General Hindi: Unit 14

General Hindi: Unit 15

General Hindi: Unit 16

General studies (History): Unit 01

• From ancient times to the present, including the Indian National Movement, the freedom struggle, and post-independence developments

General studies (History): Unit 02

• Significant events and developments since the 18th century, including revolutions, wars, and the rise of political ideologies

General studies (Geography): Unit 01

• Physical, social, and economic aspects of India

General studies (Geography): Unit 02

• Distribution of key resources, geographical phenomena, and the impact of human activities

General studies (Polity): Unit 01

• The Indian Constitution, the political system, governance, Panchayati Raj, and issues related to public policy

General studies (Economy): Unit 01

• Development issues, poverty, inclusion, demographics, and social sector initiatives

General studies (Science and technology): Unit 01

• Fundamental concepts of science and technology, including their applications in various fields

General studies (Current events): Unit 01

• Recent events of national and international significance, including politics, economics, social issues, and technological advancements

General studies (Environment and ecology): Unit 01

• Environmental issues, biodiversity, climate change, and related challenges.

General studies (Social studies): Unit 01

• Salient features, diversity, role of women's organizations, poverty and development issues, population dynamics, urbanization, and globalization

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 01

• Understanding ethical concepts, values, and principles that govern social behavior and decision-making

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 02

• This includes major events, policies, and developments in India and globally

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 03

• Awareness of new and ongoing government schemes, particularly those related to financial inclusion and economic development

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 04

• Understanding economic indicators, business trends, and major economic policies

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 05

• Awareness of major social and political events, including reforms, conflicts, and policy changes

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 06

• Recent advancements and their implications for society and the economy

General studies (Ethical and moral values): Unit 07

• Major sporting events and achievements, as well as cultural and artistic milestones