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Fertilization Events in Flowering Plants MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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Fertilization
- The most vital event of sexual reproduction is the fusion of gametes.
- This process called syngamy results in the formation of a diploid zygote.
- The term fertilization is also often used for this process.
- In most aquatic organisms, such as a majority of algae and fishes as well as amphibians, syngamy occurs in the external medium (water), i.e., outside the body of the organism.
- This type of gametic fusion is called external fertilization.
- Organisms exhibiting external fertilization show great synchrony between the sexes and release a large number of gametes into the surrounding medium (water) in order to enhance the chances of syngamy.
- This happens in the bony fishes and frogs where a large number of offspring are produced.
- A major disadvantage is that the offspring are extremely vulnerable to predators threatening their survival up to adulthood.
- In many terrestrial organisms, belonging to fungi, higher animals such as reptiles, birds, mammals and in a majority of plants (bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms), syngamy occurs inside the body of the organism, hence the process is called internal fertilization.
- In all these organisms, the egg is formed inside the female body where they fuse with the male gamete.
- In organisms exhibiting internal fertilization, the male gamete is motile and has to reach the egg in order to fuse with it.
- In these even though the number of sperm produced is very large, there is a significant reduction in the number of eggs produced.
- In seed plants, however, the non-motile male gametes are carried to female gamete by pollen tubes.
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