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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Practice Questions & MCQ
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
Quick Facts
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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium is considered one of the most asked concept.
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23 Questions around this concept.
Solve by difficulty
A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if :
Concepts Covered - 1
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
- In a given population one can find out the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene or a locus.
- This frequency is supposed to remain fixed and even remain the same throughout the generations.
- Hardy-Weinberg principle stated it using algebraic equations.
- The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be used to estimate the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population.
- This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation to generation.
- The gene pool (total genes and their alleles in a population) remains a constant.
- This is called genetic equilibrium.
- Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1.
- Ultimately, the Hardy-Weinberg principle models a population without evolution under the following conditions:
- no mutations
- no immigration/emigration
- no natural selection
- no sexual selection
- a large population
- Although no real-world population can satisfy all of these conditions, the principle still offers a useful model for population analysis.
- Individual frequencies, for example, can be named p, q, etc.
- In a diploid, p and q represent the frequency of allele A and allele a.
- The frequency of AA individuals in a population is simply p2.
- Similarly of aa is q2, of Aa 2pq.
- Hence, p2+2pq+q2 =1. This is a binomial expansion of (p+q)2.
- When frequency measured differs from expected values, the difference (direction) indicates the extent of evolutionary change.
- Disturbance in genetic equilibrium, or Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, i.e., change of frequency of alleles in a population would then be interpreted as resulting in evolution.
- Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
- Gene migration or gene flow
- Genetic drift
- Mutation
- Genetic recombination
- Natural selection
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