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NEET Important Biology Diagrams 2025: Biology Diagrams Class 11th & 12th

Process of Translation MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET

Quick Facts

  • Introduction to Translation, Process of Translation is considered one of the most asked concept.

  • 24 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is known as 

The first phase of translation is

Which RNA carries the amino acids from the amino acid pool to mRNA during protein synthesis?

In the process of translation, which of the following is the translational site of mRNA?

Select the correct option w.r.t process of translation in prokaryotes 
1. During the initial phase, GTP acts as a source of energy.
2. There are three initiation factors (IF 1, IF 2 and IF 3) that help the assembly of the initiation complex.
3. The first mRNA is translated by formyl aminoacyl tRNA.
 

During the process of translation, which of the following is responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome?

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in the process of protein synthesis?

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In a polyribosome complex, the ribosome present toward the 5' end of mRNA has

 

Match the following :

Column I Column II
a. Binding of mRNA to smaller Ribosomal subunit (i) \mathrm{IF}_1 \text { and } \mathrm{elF}_4
b.Binding of mRNA to larger Ribosomal subunit (ii) \mathrm{IF}_3 \text { and } \mathrm{elF}_2
c. Codon anticodon Interaction (iii) \text { E-FG and } \mathrm{eEF}_2
d. Translocation (iv) \mathrm{IF}_2 \text { and } \mathrm{elF}_3

 

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The 5' cap of RNA is required for the

 

Concepts Covered - 2

Introduction to Translation
  • Translation refers to the process of polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide.
  • The key components required for translation are:
    • mRNA 
    • ribosomes 
    • tRNA 
    • aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
  • During translation mRNA nucleotide bases are read as three base codons, each of which codes for a particular amino acid.
  • Each tRNA molecule possesses an anticodon on the opposite end that is complementary to the mRNA codon. 
  • tRNA molecules are therefore responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order ready for polypeptide assembly.
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes that link amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules in a process called charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA.
  • The resulting complex is charged and is referred to as an aminoacyl-tRNA.
  • Each individual amino acid has an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group.
  • Polypeptides are formed when the amino group of one amino acid forms an amide (i.e., peptide) bond with the carboxyl group of another amino acid.
  • This reaction is catalyzed by ribosomes and generates one water molecule.
  • In prokaryotes, each mRNA molecule is simultaneously translated by many ribosomes, all synthesizing protein in the same direction: reading the mRNA from 5' to 3' and synthesizing the polypeptide from the N terminus to the C terminus. 
  • The complete mRNA/poly-ribosome structure is called a polysome.
  • In prokaryotes, three factors are involved in the initiation of translation [IF1, IF2 and IF3], one factor in the elongation of polypeptide chain and three factors in chain termination [RF1, RF2 and RF3].

  •  
Process of Translation
  • Like transcription, translation has three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. 

Initiation:

  • Initiation of translation in prokaryotes involves the assembly of the components of the translation system which are: 
    • the two ribosomal subunits (small and large), 
    • the mRNA to be translated, the first (formyl) aminoacyl tRNA (the tRNA charged with the first amino acid), 
    • GTP (as a source of energy), 
    • three initiation factors (IF 1, IF 2 and IF 3) which help the assembly of the initiation complex.

Elongation:

  • The ribosome proceeds to the elongation phase of protein synthesis. 
  • During this stage, complexes composed of an amino acid linked to tRNA, sequentially bind to the appropriate codon in mRNA by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon. 
  • The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. 
  • Amino acids are added one by one, translated into Polypeptide sequences dictated by DNA and represented by mRNA.

Termination:

  • Termination of translation occurs when a nonsense codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered. 
  • At the end, a release factor binds to the stop codon, terminating translation and releasing the complete polypeptide from the ribosome.

Study it with Videos

Introduction to Translation
Process of Translation

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Books

Reference Books

Introduction to Translation

Biology Textbook for Class XII

Page No. : 114

Line : 30

Process of Translation

Biology Textbook for Class XII

Page No. : 114

Line : 32

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