Disorders of the Excretory System MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

1. Uremia: Caused by high concentrations of urea, uric acid, creatinine and a few less important compounds. In such patients, urea can be removed by a process called hemodialysis.

2. Renal Failure (RF) or Kidney Failure: Renal failure is a decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration in humans. In acute renal failure (ARF), both the kidneys abruptly stop working. It can be caused due to low blood volume, decrease cardiac output, damaged renal tubules, kidney stones, etc. It can result in oedema, less erythropoietin for adequate RBCs production and causing anaemia, etc.

3. Renal calculi (Kidney Stones): It is the formation of an insoluble mass of crystallized salts (oxalates, etc.)within the kidney.

4.  Oedema (= Dropsy): Accumulation of excess fluid in tissues is called oedema. It is an increase in the volume of extracellular (interstitial) fluids without a change in their osmo­lality. It is usually caused by an excess of sodium ions, which in turn causes water retention.

5. Diabetes Insipidus: Deficiency of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to diabetes insipidus.It is characterised by excessive dilute urine and intense thirst. The name itself (diabetes = overflow; insipidus – tasteless) distinguishes it from diabetes mellitus (Mel = honey), in which insulin deficiency causes large amounts of blood sugar to be lost in the urine.

6. Nephritis: It is the inflammation of the kidney. In pyelonephritis, there is inflammation of renal pelvis. In glomerulonephritis, there is inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.