Paleontological Evidences of Evolution MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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EASYThe most well-known extinction occurred at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, this is called
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Evidence of Organic Evolution: Paleontological Evidence
- Paleontology is a branch of Geology which is concerned with the study of fossils.
- Fossils are long-preserved remains of plants and animals which are found buried in the earth.
- They may be petrified (turned into rocks) skeletons or shells which have been converted into stones.
- They may be foot-prints of animals or imprints of other parts such as leaves of a plant.
- Most of the fossils were formed when a section of earth-containing buried organisms were gradually converted into stone by geological changes.
- In such a section the oldest layer is evidently the deepest, and the youngest is the topmost.
- Embedded in the earth along with fossils there are radioactive substances, such as Uranium, which undergoes decay and is changed into Lead within a definite period of time.
- Thus by measuring the quantity of these substances in a given layer, the age of the crust can be determined accurately along, with the age of its fossil records.
- Rocks form sediments and a cross-section of earth's crust indicates the arrangement of sediments one over the other during the long history of the earth.
- Different-aged rock sediments contain fossils of different life-forms who probably died during the formation of the particular sediment.
- In the crust just above the remains of the unicellular organisms, fossils are abundantly represented by diverse forms. This layer is 450 million years old and contains fossils of all the invertebrate groups.
- Fish-like vertebrates appear in the next higher layer which is 380 million years old.
- This was followed in successive layers by amphibians (350-300 million years), reptiles (300-150 million years), mammals (180-150 million years), birds (150-120 million years) and man (1 million years).
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