Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
The cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This act leading to maturation is termed as differentiation.
During differentiation, cells undergo few to major structural changes both in their cell walls and protoplasm.
For example, to form a tracheary element, the cells would lose their protoplasm. They also develop a very strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell wall, to carry water long distances even under extreme tension
The living differentiated cells, that by now have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of the division under certain conditions.
This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation.
For example, the formation of meristems – interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells.
The dedifferentiated tissues are able to divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions, i.e., get redifferentiated.
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