RNA Processing MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #NEET
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EASYRemoval of introns and joining the exons in a defined order in a transcription unit is called:
Which process eliminates the introns in eukaryotic transcription?
Concepts Covered - 1
Transcription in Eukaryotes & RNA Processing
- RNA polymerase in eukaryotes requires the assistance from additional proteins called transcription factors, that first bind to the promoter region and then recruit the RNA polymerase.
- The eukaryotes have three polymerases that are each made up of 10 subunits or more.
- In eukaryotes, the monocistronic structural genes have interrupted coding sequences – the genes in eukaryotes are split.
- The coding sequences or expressed sequences are defined as exons.
- Exons are said to be those sequences that appear in mature or processed RNA.
- The exons are interrupted by introns.
- Introns or intervening sequences do not appear in mature or processed RNA.
- Therefore, the primary transcript of RNA contains both the exons and the introns and are non-functional.
- Hence, it is subjected to a process called splicing where the introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order.
- The splicing of pre-mRNAs is conducted by complexes of proteins and RNA molecules called spliceosomes.
- 5' Capping:
- While the pre-mRNA is still being synthesized, a 7-methylguanosine cap is added to the 5' end of the growing transcript by a phosphate linkage.
- This moiety (functional group) protects the nascent mRNA from degradation.
- In addition, factors involved in protein synthesis recognize the cap to help initiate translation by ribosomes.
- 3' Poly-A Tail:
- An enzyme called poly-A polymerase then adds a string of approximately 200 A residues, called the poly-A tail.
- This modification further protects the pre-mRNA from degradation and signals the export of the cellular factors that the transcript needs to the cytoplasm.
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