The microorganisms which carry foreign genes are called transgenic microbes.
Transgenic microbes have been used in:
Microbes have been modified (e.g., Escherichia coli) through recombinant DNA technology for mass-scale production of human insulin, interferon, human growth hormone, etc.
Bacillus thuringiensis has yielded endotoxin for control of insects.
Pseudomonas has become useful in bioremediation or purification of the environment polluted by heavy metals, petroleum products and several other chemicals.
Fungus Trichoderma is being employed for biocontrol against a number of plant diseases and pests.
Rhizobium is being used as an important biofertilizer.