Master Both Boards & NEET: Key Biology Topics Common to NCERT and NEET Syllabus

The Living World

• What is Living

• Biodiversity and Need for Classification

• Taxonomy and Systematics

• Steps of Taxonomy

• Binomial Nomenclature

• Taxon and Taxonomic Hierarchy (Taxonomic categories)

Biological Classification

• Classification Systems

• Three domains of life

• Characteristics of the kingdom Monera

• Characteristics of Kingdom Protista

• Characteristics of Fungi

• Viruses, Viroids and Prions

Plant Kingdom

• Introduction to Kingdom Plantae

• Algae and their characteristics

• Classification of Bryophytes

• Classification of Pteridophytes

• Gymnosperms

• Characteristics of Angiosperms

Animal Kingdom

• Defining Features and Basis of Classification

• Levels of Organisation

• Phylum Porifera

• Phylum Cnidaria

• Phylum Ctenophora

• Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Phylum Aschelminthes

• Phylum Annelida

• Phylum Arthropoda

• Phylum Mollusca

• Phylum Echinodermata

• Phylum Hemichordata

• Phylum Chordata

Morphology of Flowering Plants

• Introduction to the Morphology of Flowering Plants

• The Root System

• Modification of Root

• The Stem and Its Functions

• The Leaf and Its Parts

• The Root System and Its Types

• The Inflorescence

• The Flower

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• Introduction to the Plant Anatomy

• Meristematic Tissues and its Types

• Permanent Tissues

• Parenchyma cells

• Collenchyma cells

• Sclerenchyma

• Xylem

• Tracheids and Vessels

• Connective Tissues

• Phloem and its Components

• Epidermal Tissue System

• Ground Tissue System

• Vascular Tissue System

Structural Organisation in Animals

• Morphology of Frog

• Digestive System of Frog

• Respiratory System in Frogs

• Reproduction and Development in Frog

• Circulatory System in Frogs

• Sense Organs in Frog

• Excretory System in Frog

• Control and Coordination in Frog

Cell: The Unit of Life

• Cell theory

• Types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

• Plasma membrane

• Cell Organelles

• Fluid Mosaic Model

• Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Plastids

Biomolecules

• Biomolecule definition

• Chemical composition

• Classification and examples of carbohydrates Monosaccharides ring structure

• Polysaccharides

• Lipids

• Amino acids

• Peptide bonds

• Protein structures

• Nucleotides

• Nucleic acids

• Enzymes (classification and inhibition)

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

• Phases of the cell cycle

• M phase

• Mitosis stages

• Meiosis phases

• Significance of mitosis and meiosis

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

• Photosynthesis introduction

• Pigments

• Types of chlorophyll

• Light and dark reactions

• Light-harvesting complex

• Chemiosmotic hypothesis

• Calvin cycle

• Photorespiration

• C3, C4, CAM pathways

Respiration in Plants

• Cellular respiration overview

• Glycolysis

• Pyruvate metabolism

• Lactic acid fermentation

• Alcoholic fermentation

• Krebs cycle

• Respiratory balance sheet

• Electron transport chain

• Oxidative phosphorylation

Plant Growth and Development

• Plant growth phases

• Differentiation

• Plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, ABA)

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

• Human respiratory system

• Mechanism of breathing

• Lung volumes and capacities

• Gas exchange

• Oxygen transport

• Carbon dioxide transport

• Regulation of respiration

• Respiratory disorders

Body Fluids and Circulation

• Composition of blood

• ABO and Rh blood groups

• Blood coagulation

• Types of circulation

• Anatomy of the heart

• Heart sounds

• Heart rate and cardiac output

• Cardiac cycle

• Regulation of cardiac activity

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

• Human excretory system

• Structure of the nephron and types

• Filtration

• Reabsorption

• Counter-current mechanism

• Kidney function regulation

• Urine formation

• Disorders

• Hemodialysis

Locomotion and Movement

• Types of muscles

• Skeletal muscles structure

• Mechanism of muscle contraction

• Striated vs smooth muscles

• Cardiac muscles

• Human skeletal system overview

• Joints

Neural Control and Coordination

• Human nervous system

• Structure of a neuron

• Nerve impulse generation and conduction

• Synapse

• Brain anatomy

• Autonomic nervous system

• Reflex action

• Receptors

Chemical Coordination and Integration

• Endocrine system introduction

• Hypothalamus

• Pituitary gland

• Thyroid gland

• Adrenal medulla

• Gonads

• Hormones of the heart

• Kidney

• Gastrointestinal tract

• Mechanism of hormone action

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Sexual reproduction characteristics, syngamy, phases in life cycle, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, pollination types, double fertilisation, embryo development, apomixis, endosperm development

Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, female reproductive anatomy, mammary gland, external genital organs

Reproductive Health

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), methods of birth control, amniocentesis, medical termination of pregnancy, common contraceptives, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel’s laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance, sex determination, chromosomal disorders, pedigree analysis, human genetic disorders

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

DNA structure and function, replication, transcription, types of RNA, lac operon, human genome project, gene expression regulation

Evolution

Theories of evolution, evidence from fossils and homologous organs, Darwin’s theory, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, origin and evolution of man, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Human Health and Diseases

Concept of health, diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, immunity types, vaccines, AIDS, cancer, immunity mechanisms, effects of drugs and addiction

Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in household and industrial products, antibiotics, bioactive molecules, biogas production, microbial enzymes, biocontrol agents

Biotechnology Principles and Processes

Biotechnology fundamentals, recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis, plasmid vectors

Biotechnology and Its Applications

Applications in agriculture (Bt cotton), genetically engineered insulin, tissue culture, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, ethical issues

Organisms and Populations

Ecology basics, abiotic factors, population attributes, population growth models, interactions like competition, mutualism, commensalism

Ecosystem

Ecosystem structure, energy flow, food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, nutrient cycles, succession, ecosystem services

Biodiversity and Conservation

Types of biodiversity, biodiversity patterns, loss of biodiversity, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, hotspots, national parks, biosphere reserves