NEET PG 2026 Surgery Questions: PYQ-Based MCQs with Explanations

Importance of Surgery Questions in NEET PG 2026

Surgery is not just about operations. It tests how well you connect a symptom to a diagnosis, and a diagnosis to the next correct step. This is why Surgery questions often read like short stories. A patient comes in with pain. Something is found on exam. You have to pick what happens next.

This subject is also linked closely to Medicine. A question on shock, trauma, or infection could be asked in either subject. So strong Surgery prep quietly helps your Medicine score too.

NEET PG Surgery High-Scoring Topics

These topics appear repeatedly in NEET PG Surgery papers:

• Trauma and the ABCDE approach

• Breast and thyroid surgery

• Burns and wound care

• Vascular and urological surgery

• Post-operative complications

NEET PG 2026 Surgery Questions with Explanations

Trauma and Burns

Q1. What does the Rule of Nines help estimate in a burn patient?

A) Fluid loss in litres

B) Total body surface area burned

C) Depth of the burn

D) Risk of infection

Answer: B) Total body surface area burned. Doctors divide the body into sections, each worth about 9%, to quickly estimate how much of the skin is burned.

Q2. In the ABCDE approach to trauma, what does the letter "A" stand for?

A) Airway with cervical spine control

B) Assessment of pain

C) Abdominal exam

D) Allergy history

Answer: A) Airway with cervical spine control. Airway comes first because a blocked airway can kill within minutes, faster than almost any other injury.

Q3. What is usually the first and earliest sign of compartment syndrome after a limb injury?

A) Loss of pulse

B) Pain out of proportion to the injury

C) Numbness

D) Pale skin

Answer: B) Pain out of proportion to the injury. This pain shows up before the pulse is lost, so waiting for a weak pulse to confirm the diagnosis can delay treatment too long.

Q4. What is the standard treatment for a pus-filled skin abscess?

A) Oral antibiotics alone

B) Incision and drainage

C) Warm compress only

D) Observation

Answer: B) Incision and drainage. Draining the pus is the main treatment. Antibiotics alone rarely clear a true abscess.

Breast and Thyroid Surgery

Q5. What is the preferred surgery for a small, early-stage breast cancer?

A) Radical mastectomy

B) Breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy

C) Chemotherapy alone

D) No surgery needed

Answer: B) Breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy. This approach removes the tumour while saving most of the breast, and outcomes are similar to full mastectomy in early-stage disease.

Q6. Which test checks hormone receptor status (ER, PR, HER2) in breast cancer?

A) Mammography

B) Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

C) Core biopsy alone

D) Ultrasound

Answer: B) Immunohistochemistry (IHC). This test tells doctors which treatments, like hormone therapy, are likely to work for that specific tumour.

Q7. What is the most common benign tumour of the thyroid gland?

A) Papillary adenoma

B) Follicular adenoma

C) Medullary adenoma

D) Hurthle cell adenoma

Answer: B) Follicular adenoma. It's a benign, slow-growing lump and the most common type of benign thyroid growth found on exam.

Q8. What is the best first investigation for a solitary thyroid nodule?

A) CT scan

B) Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)

C) MRI

D) Thyroid biopsy under general anaesthesia

Answer: B) Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). It's simple, quick, and tells doctors whether the nodule looks benign or needs closer attention.

Q9. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

A) Follicular carcinoma

B) Papillary carcinoma

C) Medullary carcinoma

D) Anaplastic carcinoma

Answer: B) Papillary carcinoma. It grows slowly and generally has a good outcome compared to other thyroid cancer types.

Q10. Which nerve can get damaged during thyroid surgery, causing voice changes?

A) Vagus nerve

B) Recurrent laryngeal nerve

C) Hypoglossal nerve

D) Facial nerve

Answer: B) Recurrent laryngeal nerve. This nerve runs very close to the thyroid gland, so surgeons take special care to protect it during surgery.

Vascular and Urological Surgery

Q11. Which vein is most commonly affected by varicose veins in the leg?

A) Femoral vein

B) Great saphenous vein

C) Popliteal vein

D) Deep peroneal vein

Answer: B) Great saphenous vein. This surface vein runs along the inside of the leg and is the most common site for varicose veins to form.

Q12. What is the best investigation to confirm deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A) Doppler ultrasound

B) Plain X-ray

C) MRI

D) Blood culture

Answer: A) Doppler ultrasound. It shows blood flow and clots clearly, without the need for an invasive procedure.

Q13. What is the most common organism that causes urinary tract infections? A) Staphylococcus aureus

B) Escherichia coli

C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

D) Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer: B) Escherichia coli. It normally lives in the gut and is the most common cause of both simple and complicated UTIs.

Q14. What is the best investigation for a suspected testicular torsion in a stable patient?

A) Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum

B) CT abdomen

C) MRI pelvis

D) Plain X-ray

Answer: A) Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum. It shows blood flow to the testicles quickly, though surgery should never be delayed if torsion is strongly suspected.

General Surgery and Post-Operative Care

Q15. What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in patients over 60?

A) Haemorrhoids

B) Diverticular disease

C) Colorectal polyps

D) Anal fissure

Answer: B) Diverticular disease. Small pouches form in the colon wall with age, and bleeding from these pouches is a common cause of lower GI bleeding in older adults.

Q16. What type of wound healing happens when a clean surgical cut is closed with stitches right away?

A) Secondary intention

B) Primary intention

C) Tertiary intention

D) Delayed primary closure

Answer: B) Primary intention. The wound edges are brought together right away, so it heals faster and leaves a thinner scar.

Q17. What is the most common cause of fever in the first 24 to 48 hours after major surgery?

A) Wound infection

B) Atelectasis (partial lung collapse)

C) Urinary tract infection

D) Deep vein thrombosis

Answer: B) Atelectasis. Shallow breathing after surgery can cause small areas of the lung to partly collapse, and this is the most common cause of early fever after an operation.

Q18. What is the most common site for a diabetic foot ulcer to form?

A) Heel

B) Plantar surface under the metatarsal heads

C) Top of the foot

D) Toe web spaces

Answer: B) Plantar surface under the metatarsal heads. This area takes the most pressure during walking, and reduced sensation in diabetes means injury here often goes unnoticed.

Q19. What happens when a hernia's blood supply gets cut off?

A) It becomes reducible

B) It becomes strangulated

C) It disappears on its own

D) It turns into a hydrocele

Answer: B) It becomes strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a surgical emergency, since the trapped tissue can die without a fresh blood supply.

Q20. What is the most common type of skin cancer overall?

A) Melanoma

B) Basal cell carcinoma

C) Squamous cell carcinoma

D) Merkel cell carcinoma

Answer: B) Basal cell carcinoma. It grows slowly and rarely spreads, but it is still the most frequently diagnosed skin cancer by far.

How to Use These NEET PG Surgery Questions

Try to answer each question on your own first. Don't peek at the answer right away. This step matters more than it seems, since it's what actually trains your brain to recall facts fast under pressure.

After you finish, go back to any question you got wrong. Read the full explanation, not just the correct letter. Ask yourself why the other options were wrong too. This builds a much deeper understanding than simply memorising one right answer.

Once you're done here, move on to full-length practice. NEET PG previous year question papers show you how Surgery questions are linked to every other subject in a real paper. The NEET PG mock test lets you practise under the same 42-minute, sectioned format used in the real exam.